Treaties

The E-1 classification is authorized for a national of a country with which the United States has a commercial treaty, who is coming to the U.S. solely to engage in trade of a substantial nature principally between the United States and the alien's country of nationality. The trade involved must be international exchange (successfully negotiated contracts binding on all parties) of items of trade between the U.S. and a treaty country. Title to the trade item must pass from one treaty party to the other.

If the alien is inside the U.S., the I-129 is used to apply for a change of status, extension of stay, or change of employment. This classification does not require a petition for employment if the alien is outside of the U.S. If outside of the U.S., the alien applies for an E-1 visa on his or her own behalf directly to a U.S. consular office abroad.

Application Document Requirements
The application must be filed with the appropriate fee payment, and evidence that:

• The applicant is a national of a country with whom the U.S. has the requisite treaty or agreement;
• The activity constitutes trade as defined at 214.2(e)(9);
• The trade is of a substantial nature, i.e. an amount of trade sufficient to ensure a continuous flow of trade items between the U.S. and the treaty country;
• The trade conducted by the alien is principally trade between the United States and the treaty country of which the alien is a national. Trade is deemed to be principally between the U.S. and treaty country when over 50% of the volume of international trade conducted by the alien treaty trader is between the U.S. and treaty country of which the alien is a national;
• If the applicant is not the principal trader, that the alien is employed in a supervisory or executive capacity, or possesses special qualifications that make the alien's services essential to the successful and efficient operation of the enterprise.
• The applicant intends to depart the U.S. upon the expiration of E-1 status. (However, an application for initial admission, change of status, or extension of stay in E classification may not be denied solely on the basis of an approved request for permanent labor certification or a filed or approved immigrant visa preference petition.)
• The alien employer is an enterprise or organization at least 50% owned by persons having the nationality of the treaty country.

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The E-2 classification is authorized for a national of a country with which the United States has a commercial treaty , who is coming to the United States solely to direct and develop the operations of an enterprise in which he or she has invested , or is actively involved in the process of investing, a substantial amount of capital.

If the alien is inside the U.S., the I-129 should be used to apply for a change of status, extension of stay, or change of employment. This category does not require a petition for employment if the alien is outside of the U.S. In that case, the alien applies for this category on his or her own behalf directly to a U.S. consular office abroad.

The investment involved must place lawfully acquired, owned, and controlled capital at commercial risk with a profit objective, and be subject to loss if the investment fails.

Application Document Requirements

• The investor is a national of a country with whom the U.S. has the requisite treaty or agreement;
• The alien (or in the case of an employee of a treaty investor who seeks classification as an E-2, the owner of the treaty enterprise) will direct or develop the enterprise. The alien must demonstrate that he controls the enterprise by showing ownership of at least 50% of the enterprise, by possessing operational control through a managerial position or other corporate device or by other means;
• The investor has invested in or is actively in the process of investing in the enterprise;
• The investment is substantial, i.e. sufficient to ensure the investor's financial commitment to the successful operation of the enterprise and big enough to support the likelihood that the investor will successfully direct and develop the enterprise;
• The investment enterprise is not a marginal enterprise;
• If the applicant is not the principal investor, he or she must be employed in an executive or supervisory capacity, or possess skills that are highly specialized and essential to the operations of the commercial enterprise. Ordinary skilled or unskilled workers do not qualify.
• That the applicant intends to depart the U.S. upon the expiration of E-2 status.

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The United States has treaties with over 40 countries which permit nationals from those countries to own or be employed in the U.S. in a business which conducts a substantial volume of trade between the U.S. and the person's country of citizenship. An E-1 visa is available not only to those whose trade is in material goods, but also to those whose trade consists of services and technology.

Countries which have E-1 treaties with the U.S. include:

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The United States has treaties with over 60 countries which permit nationals of those countries to invest a substantial amount of capital in a bona fide enterprise in the U.S, or to be employed as an executive, supervisor or essential employee in an enterprise which is owned by a treaty national.

These countries are as follows:

The following thirteen (13) treaties have yet to enter into force, either because the treaties have not yet been ratified or because there has not been a formal exchange of instruments of ratification: Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bolivia, Croatia, El Salvador, Haiti, Honduras, Jordan, Lithuania, Mozambique, Nicaragua, Russia and Uzbekistan.Standard

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